Glossary / Glossary
Fitness, biomechanics, MIDA, nutrition and AI terms explained.
Muscle Fiber Type IIx
AnatomyFast-Twitch Glycolytic
Very fast glycolytic fibres — maximal force, fast fatigue.
EN: Muscle Fiber Type IIx
Myosin
AnatomyThick filament protein in muscle
Myosin — thick filament protein in sarcomere. Myosin heads pull actin during contraction.
Pelvis
AnatomyPelvis — the pelvic ring
Bony ring (sacrum, ilia, pubes) — the spine's base and the leg's anchor.
EN: Pelvis
Rotator Cuff
AnatomyRotator Cuff — supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
Four small muscles stabilizing the humeral head within the glenoid.
EN: Rotator Cuff — ротирующая манжета плеча
Sarcomere
AnatomyBasic contractile unit of muscle
Sarcomere — basic contractile unit of muscle fiber. Composed of actin and myosin filaments.
Tendon
AnatomyConnective tissue connecting muscle to bone
Tendon — connective tissue transferring muscle force to bone. In Millard/DeGrooteFregly models accounted for via tendon_slack_length.
Tibia
AnatomyTibia — the shinbone
The shinbone — main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
EN: Tibia
Агонист
AnatomyThe prime muscle (or muscle group) directly producing a movement: its contraction generates the main driving torque at the joint.
EN: Agonist
Антагонист
AnatomyA muscle on the opposite side of the joint producing torque opposite to the agonist; reciprocally inhibited in healthy coordination.
EN: Antagonist
Косые мышцы живота
AnatomyExternal / Internal Oblique
Rotate and laterally flex the trunk, forming the waist.
EN: Obliques
Масса икры и голени
AnatomyCombined muscle mass of the lower leg (calves, soleus, anterior group).
EN: Calf and shin mass
Прямая мышца живота
AnatomyRectus Abdominis
The six-pack: flexes the trunk and drives intra-abdominal pressure.
EN: Rectus Abdominis
Разгибатели спины
AnatomyThe muscle groups that extend and rotate the spine and hold posture.
EN: Erector Spinae
Ромбовидные
AnatomyRhomboid Major / Rhomboid Minor
Retract and slightly depress the scapula, stabilizing the shoulder girdle.
EN: Rhomboids
Синергист
AnatomyA muscle assisting the agonist: contracting in the same direction, adding force or taking over part of the work in a specific phase.
EN: Synergist
Стабилизатор
AnatomyA muscle that produces no driving torque but isometrically fixes a joint or body position, providing a base for agonists and synergists.
EN: Stabilizer
Трапеция
AnatomyTrapezius — trapezius muscle
Scapular strap muscle: upper part elevates, middle retracts, the lower depresses.
EN: Trapezius